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Niklas Luhmann, 2002:

"Conceived as an operationally closed system, modern society is world society. It's function systems could never agree on regional, national, or cultural boundaries. The system of science, the economic system, the system of mass media operate and observe clearly on a worldwide level. But the political system nowadays, too, is a world system, segmented into 'states' to achieve a better fit between political power and changing conditions of public consensus. [...] But this does not mean that the social ends and begins at political boundaries -say, between the United States and Mexico, or between Germany and Austria. Tourists enjoy (to some extent) legal protection and the staged authenticity of customs and traditions all over the world. We can intermarry, whatever our national origins. Conversion from one religion to another is possible, if religions care at all for an exclusive identity and membership. But in spite of all this, the global system or modern society seems not to be able to produce one and only one self-description."

-Niklas Luhmann (2002:107), 'Deconstruction as Second Order Observing' (94-112), in Theories of Distinction: Redescribing the Descriptions of Modernity, Stanford University Press 2002.

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Gilles Deleuze, 1977:

"Possibly we're in the process of experiencing a new relationship between theory and practice. At one time, practice was considered an application of theory, a consequence; at other times, it had an opposite sense and it was thought to inspire theory, to be indispensable for the creation of future theoretical forms. In any event, their relationship was understood in terms of a process of totalisation. For us, however, the question is seen in a different light. The relationships between theory and practice are far more partial and fragmentary. on one side, a theory is always local and related to a limited field, and it is applied in another sphere, more or less distant from it.
The relationship which holds in the application of a theory is never one of resemblance. Moreover, from the moment a theory moves into its proper domain, it begins to encounter obstacles, walls, and blockages which require its relay by another type of discourse (it is through this other discourse that it eventually passes to a different domain). Practice is a set of relays from one theoretical point to another, and theory is a relay from one practice to another. No theory can develop without eventually encountering a wall, and practice is necessary for piercing this wall."

-Gilles Deleuze (1977:165), with  Michel Foucault, in Language, Counter-Memory, Practice.  Cornell University Press 1977.

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Jacques Derrida, 1988:

"Behind 'academic freedom', one can discern the silhouette of a constraint which is all the more ferocious and implacable because it conceals and disguises itself in the form of laissez-faire.  Through the said 'academic freedom', it is the State that controls everything.  [...]  The State wants to attract docile and unquestioning functionaries to itself.  It does so by means of strict controls and rigorous constraints which these functionaries believe they apply to themselves in an act of total auto-nomy."

Jacques Derrida (1988:33), 'Otobiographies: The Teaching of Nietzsche and the Politics of the Proper Name,' Avital Ronell Trans., in The Ear of the Other: Otobiography, Transference, Translation.  Ed. Christie McDonald.  University of Nebraska Press 1988.

 

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Gregory Chaitin, 2005:

"Of course, formalism fits the 20th century zeitgeist so well: Everything is meaningless, technical papers should never discuss ideas, only present the facts!  A rule that I've done my best to ignore!  As Vladimir Tasic says in his book Mathematics and the Roots of Postmodern Thought, a great deal of 20th-century philosophy seems enamored with formalism and then senses that Godel has pulled the rug out from under it, and therefore truth is relative.  -Or, as he puts it, it could have happened this way.

Let me repeat: formal axiomatic systems are a failure!  Theorem proving algorithms do not work.  One can publish papers about them, but they only prove trivial theorems.  And in the case histories in this book, we've seen that the essence of math resides in its creativity, in imagining new concepts, in changing viewpoints, not in mindlessly and mechanically grinding away deducing all the possible consequences of a fixed set of rules and ideas.  

-Gregory Chaitin (2005:145-146), Meta Math!  Vintage Books 2005.

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Charles Taylor, 1991:

"The importance of dialogical action in human life shows the utter inadequacy of the monological subject of representations which emerges from the epistemological tradition. We cannot understand human life merely in terms of individual subjects, who frame representations about and respond to others, because a great deal of human action happens only insofar as the agent understands and constitutes himself or herself as integrally part of a 'we.'
Much of our understanding of self, society, and world is carried in practices that consist in dialogical action. i would like to argue, in fact, that language itself serves to set up spaces of common action, on a number of levels, intimate and public. This means that our identity is never simply defined in terms of our individual properties. It also places us in some social space."

-Charles Taylor (1991:311), 'The Dialogical Self' (304-314), in The Interpretive Turn: Philosophy, Science, Culture. Edited by David R. Hiley, James F. Bohman, and Richard Shusterman. Cornell University Press 1991.

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Julie Klein, 1996:

"Argument remains inescapable. When interdisciplinary work is conceived as part of the 'natural' generation and gravitation of fruitful inquiries that will be located in the disciplinary system, assumptions about criteria tend to be strongly disciplinary. [...] In critical interdisciplinarities, radical change is the goal. The 'rhetoric of interpenetration' that is characteristic of critical interdisciplinarities does not simply enrich existing fields. It constructs new criteria and replaces them. It alters not only the products of research but the very procedures."

-Julie Klein (1996:211), Crossing Boundaries: Knowledge, Disciplinarities, and Interdisciplinarities. University Press of Virginia 1996.

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Alfred Korzybski, 1933

“Again the organism works as-a-whole. All forms of human activities are interconnected. It is impossible to select a special characteristic and treat it in a delusional [...] ‘isolation’ as the most important. Science becomes an extra-neural extension of the human nervous system. We might expect the structure of the nervous system to throw some light on the structure of science; and, vice versa, the structure of science might elucidate the workings of the human nervous system.

This fact is important, semantically, and usually is not sufficiently emphasized or analyzed enough. When we take these undeniable facts into account, we find the results already reached to be quite natural and necessary, and we understand better why an individual cannot be considered entirely sane if he is wholly ignorant of scientific method and structure...”

-Alfred Korzybski, Science and Sanity (1933:376-77)
 

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William Rees on Interdisciplinarity:

On Youtube:  "Interdisciplinary education needed to address complex issues"

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Graham Harman, 2002:

"I footnote particular texts only for the same reason that mapmakers label rivers and monuments: to prevent the traveler from losing track of the landscape.  We are no more obliged to follow Heidegger's own understanding of tool-being than we are to follow the itinerary of Lewis and Clark when driving from St. Louis to Portland, or to limit our uses of electrical power to those devices patented by Thomas Edison himslef.  The historical greatness of explorers or inventors or philosophers does not guarantee that they have exhausted their own subject matter."

-Graham Harman (2002:16-17), Tool-Being.  Open Court Publishing Company 2002.

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Michel Serres, 1995 (2):

"We are capable of all the good in the world, certainly: feeding, caring, healing.  But, diametrically, we are capable of blowing up the planet, disturbing its climate, choosing to give birth only to baby boys or only to baby girls, of creating in our laboratories deadly viruses that are transmissable at the will of the winds.  We have become the tragic deciders of life and death, masters of the greatest aspects of our former dependence: Earth, life and matter, time and history, good and evil.  We have encroached upon the theories of metaphysics. 

This new mastery has made old neessity change camps.  Whereas it formerly inhabited nature, either inert or living, and slept, hidden, in the laws of the world, now, in the last fifty years, it has decapmped surreptitiously, to take its place right inside our mastery.  It now inhabits our freedom. 

We are now, admittedly, the masters of the Earth and of the world, but our very mastery seems to escape our mastery.  We have all things in hand, but we do not control our actions.  Everything happens as though our powers escaped our powers -whose partial projects, sometimes good and often intentional, can backfire or unwittingly cause evil.  As far as I know, we do not yet control the unexpected road that leads from the local pavement, from good intentions, toward a possible global hell. 

Our conquests far outstrip our deliberate intentions.  Observe, in fact, the acceleration in the trajectories of our technological advances.  No sooner is it announced that something is possible than it is in part achieved, propelled down the slope of competition, imitation, or interest.  It is almst as quickly considered desirable, and by the next day it is necessary: people will go to court if they are deprived of it.  The fabric of our history is woven today of these immediate passages from possibility to reality, from contingency to necessity." 

-Michel Serres (1995:171-172), Conversations on Science, Culture, Time.  University of Michigan Press 1995. 

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Marshall McLuhan, 1964:

"With the moving of information in printed form, the wheel and the road came into play again after having been in abeyance for a thousand years.  In England, pressure from the press brought about hard-surface roads in the eighteenth century, with all the population and industrial rearrangement that entailed.  Print, or mechanized writing, introduced a separation and extension of human functions unimaginable even in Roman times.  It was only natural, therefore, that greatly increased wheel speeds, both on road and in factory, should be related to the alphabet that had once done a similar job of speed-up and specialization in the ancient world.  Speed, at least in its lower reaches of the mechanical order, aways operates to separate, to extend, and to amplify functions of the body.  Evens specialist learning in higher education proceeds by ignoring interrelationships; for such complex awareness slows down the achieving of expertness."

-Marshall McLuhan (1964:101), Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man. MIT Press (Fifth Edition) 1997.

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R. Buckminster Fuller, 1975:

"We are in an age that assumes the narrowing trends of specialization to be logical, natural, and desireable.  Consequently, society expects all earnestly responsible communication to be crisply brief.  Advancing science has now discovered that all the known cases of biological extinction have been caused by overspecialization, whose concentration of only selected genes sacrifices general adaptability.  Thus the specialist's brief for pinpointing brevity is dubious.  In the meantime, humanity has been deprived of comprehensive understanding.  Specialization has bred feelings of isolation, futility, and confusion in individuals.  It has also resulted n the individual's leaving responsibility in thinking and social action to others.  Specialization breeds biases that ultimately aggregate as international and ideological discord, which, in turn, leads to war. 

We are not seeking a license to ramble wordily.  We are intent only upon being adequately concise.  General systems science discloses the existence of minimum sets of variable factors that uniquely determine and govern each and every system.  Lack of knowledge concerning all the factors and the failure to include them in our integral imposes false conclusions.  Let us not make the error of inadequacy in examining our most comprehensive inventory of experience and thoughts regarding the evoluting affairs of humanity."

-R. Buckminster Fuller (1975:xxv), Synergetics: Explorations in the Geometry of Thinking.  MacMillan Publishing Co. Inc. 1975.

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Donna Haraway, 2004:

"...knowledge is always an engaged material practice and never a disembodied set of ideas. Knowledge is embedded in projects; knowledge is always for, in many senses, some things and not others, and knowers area always formed by their projects, just as they shape what they can know. Such shapings never occur in some unearthly realm; they are always about the material and meaningful interactions of located humans and nonhumans -machines, organisms, land, institutions, money, and many other things. Because scientific knowledge is not ‘transcendent,’ it can make solid claims about material beings that are neither reducible to opinion nor exempt from interpretation. Those solid claims and material beings are irreducibly engaged in cultural practice and practical culture; i.e., in the traffic in meanings and bodies, or acts of love, with which all things begin. Semiosis is about the physiology of meaning-making..."

-Donna Haraway (2004:199-200), “Morphing in the Order: Flexible Strategies, Feminist Science Studies, and Primate Revisions" 199-222 in The Haraway Reader.  Routledge New York 2004.

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Negri and Hardt, 2000:

 
"The Empire we are faced with wields enormous powers of oppression and destruction, but that fact should not make us nostalgic in any way for the old forms of domination. The passage to Empire and its processes of globalization offer new possibilities to the forces of liberation. Globalization, of course, is not one thing, and the multiple processes that we recognize as globalization are not unified or univocal. Our political task, we will argue, is not simply to resist these processes but to reorganize them and redirect them toward new ends. The creative forces of the multitude that sustain Empire are also capable of autonomously constructing a counter-Empire, an alternative political organization of global flows and exchanges. The struggles to contest and subvert Empire, as well as those to construct a real alternative, will thus take place on the imperial terrain itself —indeed, such new struggles have already begun to emerge. Through these struggles and many more like them, the multitude will have to invent new democratic forms and a new constituent power that will one day take us through and beyond Empire."

Negri and Hardts, Empire, 2000:xv.

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Basarab Nicolescu, 2002:

"As the prefix trans indicates, transdisciplinarity concerns that which is at once between the disciplines, across the different disciplines, and beyond all discipline.  Its goal is the understanding of the present world, of which one of its imperatives is the unity of knowledge.  

Is there something between and across the disciplines and beyond all disciplines?  From the point of view of classical thought there is absolutely nothing.  The space in question is empty, completely void, like the vacuum of classical physics.  Even when the pyramidal vision of knowledge is renounced, classical thought considers each fragment of the pyramid that is generated by the disciplinary big bang as an entire pyramid; each discipline claims that it is sufficient unto itself.  From the point of view of classical thought, transdisciplinarity appears absurd because it has no object.  In contrast, within the framework of transdisciplinarity, classical thought does not appear absurd; it simply appears to have a restricted sphere of applicability."

-Basarab Nicolescu (2002:44), Manifesto of Transdisciplinarity. (Trans. Karen-Claire Voss) State University of New York Press, Albany 2002.